Bibliographic record
Abstract
Subfamily Protosmylinae Krüger, 1913 Type genus. Protosmylus Krüger, 1913 (= Osmylidia Cockerell, 1908). Emended diagnosis (based on wings). Wings may be distinguished from those of other subfamilies of Osmylidae by a combination of the following. Forewing: Subcostal veinlets almost always simple (very rarely some forked) [Osmylinae: mostly forked]; trichosors along almost entire wing margin [Gumillinae: restricted to apical region]; one subcostal crossvein, positioned basally [Porisminae: numerous along entire subcostal space]; all or nearly all crossveins in radial space forming three to four gradate series (except some Lysmus) [all or nearly all crossveins (Gumillinae, Porisminae, Eidoporisminae) or proximal crossveins (other subfamilies) irregularly arranged]; M forked at level or only slightly proximad termination of A1 [Osmylinae, Kempyninae: much distad; Stenosmylinae, Porisminae, Eidoporisminae: much proximad]; between CuA, CuP ≤ 5 crossveins (up to 8 in some Lysmus) [Spilosmylinae: about 10 or more]; CuA pectinate, with 2–6 branches; CuP with 3–7 pectinate branches (up to 9 in some Lysmus) [Spilosmylinae: 8–15]. Hind wing: MP lacks anteriorly directed basal spur-like process [Spilosmylinae: present]; CuP relatively short, shallowly (not pectinately) branched or simple [Kempyninae, Osmylinae, Stenosmylinae, Porisminae, Eidoporisminae: long, pectinately branched]. Genera included. Ten genera: † Sogjuta Martynova, 1958 (Early to Late Jurassic, Kyrgyzstan and Mongolia), sit. nov.; † Juraheterosmylus Wang et al., 2010 (late Middle / early Late Jurassic, China); † Jurosmylus Makarkin & Archibald, 2005 (Late Jurassic, Kazakhstan); † Protosmylina Jepson et al. 2009 (Early Cretaceous, England); † Osmylidia (= Protosmylus, Priabonian, Baltic amber, syn. nov.), and † Pseudosmylidia Makarkin, 2017 (Priabonian, North America and Europe); Heterosmylus Krüger, 1913, Gryposmylus Krüger, 1913, and Lysmus Navás, 1911 (extant, all southeastern Asia); Paryphosmylus Krüger, 1913 (extant, Ecuador). Remarks. The venation of some species of Lysmus is very similar to that of the Spilosmylinae, e.g., L. harmandinus Navás, 1910 (see Makarkin 1985: Fig. 3; Winterton et al. 2019: Fig. 34). Moreover, this genus had long been considered a member of the Spilosmylinae. Lysmus, however, lacks an important synapomorphy of Spilosmylinae, the presence of an anteriorly directed basal spur-like process in the hind wing MP. Also, the male genitalia of Lysmus are typical for Protosmylinae (see Wang 2010). According to Article 40.1 of ICZN, a family-group name is not replaced with a new family-group name when the name of its type genus is considered to be a junior synonym of another genus. Hence, Protosmylinae retains this name following designation of Protosmylus as a junior synonym of Osmylidia.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.029 | 0.006 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".