Bibliographic record
Abstract
Subfamily Protosmylinae Krüger, 1913 Type genus. Protosmylus Krüger, 1913 (= Osmylidia Cockerell, 1908). Emended diagnosis (based on wings). Wings may be distinguished from those of other subfamilies of Osmylidae by a combination of the following. Forewing: Subcostal veinlets almost always simple (very rarely some forked) [Osmylinae: mostly forked]; trichosors along almost entire wing margin [Gumillinae: restricted to apical region]; one subcostal crossvein, positioned basally [Porisminae: numerous along entire subcostal space]; all or nearly all crossveins in radial space forming three to four gradate series (except some Lysmus) [all or nearly all crossveins (Gumillinae, Porisminae, Eidoporisminae) or proximal crossveins (other subfamilies) irregularly arranged]; M forked at level or only slightly proximad termination of A1 [Osmylinae, Kempyninae: much distad; Stenosmylinae, Porisminae, Eidoporisminae: much proximad]; between CuA, CuP ≤ 5 crossveins (up to 8 in some Lysmus) [Spilosmylinae: about 10 or more]; CuA pectinate, with 2–6 branches; CuP with 3–7 pectinate branches (up to 9 in some Lysmus) [Spilosmylinae: 8–15]. Hind wing: MP lacks anteriorly directed basal spur-like process [Spilosmylinae: present]; CuP relatively short, shallowly (not pectinately) branched or simple [Kempyninae, Osmylinae, Stenosmylinae, Porisminae, Eidoporisminae: long, pectinately branched]. Genera included. Ten genera: † Sogjuta Martynova, 1958 (Early to Late Jurassic, Kyrgyzstan and Mongolia), sit. nov.; † Juraheterosmylus Wang et al., 2010 (late Middle / early Late Jurassic, China); † Jurosmylus Makarkin & Archibald, 2005 (Late Jurassic, Kazakhstan); † Protosmylina Jepson et al. 2009 (Early Cretaceous, England); † Osmylidia (= Protosmylus, Priabonian, Baltic amber, syn. nov.), and † Pseudosmylidia Makarkin, 2017 (Priabonian, North America and Europe); Heterosmylus Krüger, 1913, Gryposmylus Krüger, 1913, and Lysmus Navás, 1911 (extant, all southeastern Asia); Paryphosmylus Krüger, 1913 (extant, Ecuador). Remarks. The venation of some species of Lysmus is very similar to that of the Spilosmylinae, e.g., L. harmandinus Navás, 1910 (see Makarkin 1985: Fig. 3; Winterton et al. 2019: Fig. 34). Moreover, this genus had long been considered a member of the Spilosmylinae. Lysmus, however, lacks an important synapomorphy of Spilosmylinae, the presence of an anteriorly directed basal spur-like process in the hind wing MP. Also, the male genitalia of Lysmus are typical for Protosmylinae (see Wang 2010). According to Article 40.1 of ICZN, a family-group name is not replaced with a new family-group name when the name of its type genus is considered to be a junior synonym of another genus. Hence, Protosmylinae retains this name following designation of Protosmylus as a junior synonym of Osmylidia.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.015 | 0.007 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".