Eudendrium arbuscula Wright 1859
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Eudendrium arbuscula Wright, 1859 Figs. 3, 4 Eudendrium arbuscula Wright, 1859: 113, pl. 9, figs. 5, 6.— Segerstedt, 1889: 9, 24.— Rees & Rowe, 1969: 11.— Jägerskiöld, 1971: 62.— Marques et al., 2000: 81, fig. 15 [the specific name arbuscula Wright, 1859 conserved and placed on the Official List of Specific Names in Zoology, Opinion 1956 (ICZN 2000)]. Eudendrium wrighti.— Jäderholm, 1909: 51 [incorrect subsequent spelling] [Eudendrium wrightii Hartlaub, 1905 placed on the Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Names in Zoology, Opinion 1956 (ICZN 2000)]. Type locality. UK: Scotland, Firth of Forth, Queensferry (Wright 1859: 113). Museum material. Kosterhavet, 58°53.585’N, 11°06.239’E, 14– 10 m, 06.ix.2010, biological dredge, R / V Nereus, four colony fragments, up to 3.1 cm high, without gonophores, ROMIZ B3880. Remarks. Colonies examined here were quite small and lacked gonophores, but they corresponded with Eudendrium arbuscula Wright, 1859 as described by Schuchert (2008b). The largest colony had a polysiphonic stem basally that lacked a bark-like covering as in the similar E. annulatum Norman, 1864; hydranths were small and bore a basal band of large microbasic euryteles having a straight shaft. The specific name arbuscula Wright, 1859, as published in the binomen Eudendrium arbuscula, was conserved and placed on the Official List of Specific Names in Zoology (ICZN Opinion 1956). It had been threatened by a senior secondary homonym, arbuscula (d’Orbigny, 1846), as published in the binomen Tubularia arbuscula, a name placed in the same Opinion on the Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Specific Names in Zoology. Also placed on the Official Index in that Opinion was the name E. wrightii Hartlaub, 1905, a replacement name for E. arbuscula Wright. As noted by a number of authors (e.g., Marques & Vervoort 1999; Schuchert 2008b), the specific name is a noun in apposition and correctly spelled as “ arbuscula,” not “ arbusculum.” Eudendrium arbuscula, a relatively shallow water species, has been reported several times from the west coast of Sweden (see Checklist), from Denmark (Kramp 1935b; Schuchert 2008b), and from the Oslofjord, Norway (Christiansen 1972). Reported distribution. West coast of Sweden.—Bohuslän (Marques et al. 2000) to Malösund (Jäderholm 1909, as E. wrighti). Elsewhere.—North Atlantic: Norway to Brittany (Schuchert 2008b); northern Canada (Calder 1972).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.016 | 0.006 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".