Bibliographic record
Abstract
283. Julus scandinavius Latzel, 1884 Iulus scandinavius Latzel, 1884. Iulus ligulifer Latzel & Verhoeff, 1892. Micropodoiulus ligulifer auct. Iulus terrestris auct. Distribution AT, BE, CH, CZ, DE, DK-DEN, FR-FRA, GB-GRB, GB-NI, HU, IE, LU, NL, NO-NOR, PL, SE, SK. Central European, extending north to Britain, Ireland and S Scandinavia. – Also introduced into the Nearctic Region. Habitat A very common animal, eurytopic to some degree, it is chiefly a species of woodland, although it occurs frequently on heaths, wetlands, humid open grassland and sand dunes. While it has been found in moderately dry calcareous grassland it appears to be generally absent from forests on limestone. It prefers woods characteristic of lighter acidic soils on a sandy or loamy substrate, for instance on the Lüneburger Heide in Germany where it is found in Pinus / Betula with Calluna, Molinia and ferns and in Alnus and Populus stands in wetter areas (Lindner et al. 2010). Similarly, in Belgium it is strongly associated with Erica / Calluna heaths, ranging into Pinus / Betula / Quercus woodland and Alnus by streams. Another strongpoint is the coastal dune area. Higher up in the Ardennes it is abundant in Fagus and coniferous forest. Many authors associate it with a thick litter/humus layer; Barlow (1957) related this to its preference for high humidity and its avoidance of extreme conditions. Kime & Wauthy (1984) listed it as intermediate in specialisation on habitat, neither a generalist nor a specialist. According to Lee (2006) it shows a strong negative association with cultivated land and waste ground. Common microsites are below stones or rock, in leaf litter and in grass tussocks. Remarks One of the most frequently recorded European species within its quite large range. The map therefore gives a good indication of the recording effort across Central Europe. Rather isolated to the east are the records of Ložek & Gulička (1962) who give Humenné and Michalovce in E Slovakia. Golovatch (pers. comm.) states that the published records by Lang (1954) from the Carpathian area in the Ukraine (and East Slovakia?) are erroneous and we have omitted them. Ložek & Gulička (1962) give Humenné and Michalovce in E Slovakia which we include. Haacker (1969) described the mating behaviour of J. scandinavius.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.058 | 0.032 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".