Resting blood pressure reductions following isometric handgrip exercise training and the impact of age and sex: protocol for a systematic review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background The risk of developing cardiovascular disease is directly correlated to one’s resting blood pressure (BP), age, and biological sex. Resting BP can be reduced using handgrip exercise training, but the impact of age and sex on the effectiveness of training is not well documented. Methods/design A systematic search of the literature will be conducted for all experimental studies (including randomized controlled trials and prospective experiments) that report the influence of isometric handgrip exercise training on resting systolic blood pressure. The databases Medline, Embase, Cochrane Reviews, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, Allied and Complementary Medicine (AMED), PubMed, and Scopus will be searched until 1 December 2015. Screening of potential articles, data abstraction, and quality appraisal will be completed in duplicate independently. When necessary, corresponding authors will be contacted in order to facilitate the separation of pooled data into age and sex categories. Methodological quality will be determined using the Quality Assessment Framework developed by the Cochrane Collaboration and the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale as appropriate. Any discrepancies will be resolved by a third author. Findings will be presented in accordance with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Discussion This systematic review will determine the overall effectiveness of handgrip exercise training in improving resting blood pressure. A novel, focused assessment will contrast effectiveness of handgrip training based on the age (younger 18–54 years, older >55 years) and the sex (men, women) of study participants. This information is essential to consolidate before moving forward with the development and implementation of handgrip exercise training programmes which are designed to best meet the needs of particular cohorts. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42015019792
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.078 | 0.079 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.007 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.023 | 0.025 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.011 | 0.010 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.008 |
| Open science | 0.005 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.009 | 0.007 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.070 | 0.010 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".