Development of Strategies for the Integrated Management of Clubroot of Canola
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Clubroot, caused by the soilborne pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae, is a serious disease threatening the production of canola (Brassica napus) in Canada. This project explored various management options for clubroot, including fungicide application, fall and spring liming, and genetic resistance. In the first study, amisulbrom was evaluated for its effectiveness in managing clubroot. In vitro treatment of P. brassicae resting spores with amisulbrom inhibited spore germination by up to 79% and reduced viable spores by 31% relative to the control. Field and greenhouse experiments demonstrated that both liquid and granular formulations of amisulbrom significantly reduced the clubroot disease severity index (DSI) in both susceptible and moderately resistant canola cultivars (‘45H31’ and ‘CS2000’, respectively), relative to the untreated controls. In the second study, fall and spring applications of Zero Grind (ZG) limestone and spring applications of hydrated lime (HL) were assessed for their efficacy in clubroot management on ‘45H31’ in the field, and both ‘45H31’ and ‘CS2000’ in the greenhouse. Both field and greenhouse results showed that the most significant reductions in DSI were obtained with fall ZG and spring HL applications at a rate of 10 t ha-1, regardless of the cultivar, while most lime treatments reduced resting spore load in the field soil. In the third study, an F2 population derived from a B. napus ssp. napobrassica (rutabaga) donor parent FGRA106 and a susceptible spring-type B. napus cv. ‘Sedo’ was evaluated for resistance to P. brassicae pathotypes 3A, 3D and 3H. Chi-square (χ2) goodness of fit tests indicated that the F2 plants inherited two major clubroot resistance genes from FGRA106. Total RNA from plants resistant (R) or susceptible (S) to each pathotype were pooled and subjected to bulked segregant RNA-sequencing (BSR-Seq). Analysis of gene expression profiles identified 431, 67, and 98 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the R and S bulks. Collectively, the application of amisulbrom and fall limestone demonstrated promising results for clubroot management. Additionally, the identification of resistance in FGRA106 and its associated genetic markers could contribute to the development of clubroot-resistant B. napus cultivars for deployment in western Canada.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".