Factors associated with happiness and life satisfaction among workers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: In modern society, mental health in the workplace is increasingly considered an im-portant issue and a major political agenda. Many studies have reported negative mental health risk factors or psychopathologies such as depression, anxiety, and suicidal inclination among workers. Accordingly, there are ongoing debates on the importance of establishing a system to screen and treat psychopathologies, such as the assessment of depression and anxiety. However, the absence of psychopathology or negative psychiatric factors does not guarantee good mental health. Mental health is a more comprehensive and complex concept. According to the World Health Organization, mental health is the state in which an individual can cope with routine stressors in life, work productively, and contribute to their organizations. Hence, it is needed to directly measure workers’ mental health in terms of happiness and life satisfaction. OBJECTIVES: To comprehensively investigate workers’ mental health, we explored factors associated with happiness and life satisfaction among workers using nationally representative data. METHODS: We performed multiple regression analysis, with happiness and life satisfaction set as the outcome measures, and sociodemographic factors and work-related factors as the predictive variables. RESULTS: A total of 7,797 participants (4,428 men [56.8%]) with a mean age of 46.58 years (SD = 13.50) were included in the analysis. Job satisfaction (β = 0.154, p < 0.001) and self-rated health (β = 0.175, p < 0.001) were the most strongly associated with happiness. Organizational commitment, region of work, average monthly income, education level, and number of guaranteed leaves were also strongly associated with happiness and life satisfaction. Life satisfaction had the highest adjusted R(2) at 0.423. The adjusted R(2) for happiness and the ladder approach were 0.283 and 0.213, respectively. The variance inflation factor was below 10, and residuals were below 0.1 for all predictor variables. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicated that personal and work-related factors were associated with the happiness and life satisfaction of workers. Among work-related factors, subjective, intrinsic rewards such as job satisfaction and organizational commitment were more strongly associated than external rewards such as average monthly income or guaranteed vacations. These findings may be useful foundational data in devising policies and interventions to promote workers’ happiness and life satisfaction. DISCLOSURE OF INTEREST: None Declared
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".