A commercial fish is sustainably- certified in Canada yet considered a “Species of Concern' in adjacent waters in the USA: unresolved stock structure?
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.We investigated conflicting perspectives over a trans-boundary fish stock assumed to be one population from the Massachusetts, USA to Newfoundland, Canada. Atlantic Halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.) straddles the international Hague Line separating the USA and Canada. In Canada, halibut is sustainably certified by Marine Stewardship Council (2013) but in the adjacent USA, it remains a 'Species of Concern' under the US Endangered Species Act (1973). We compiled fishery-independent surveys that have sampled juveniles simultaneously across the border to analyse distribution, abundance and habitat availability. On average, halibut abundance was five times greater in Canada and the median percentage of occupied sets was about four times greater than in US waters (10% /2.5%) within 6 separate surveys (~1965-2013). We quantified 'suitable' habitat expecting that it would be limiting on the US side, but this was not the case. Halibut were overfished in the USA in the 1800s with little recovery since. We review evidence for bottlenecks during other life stages, and find none. Mis-understandings between nations may stem from an unresolved stock structure. Preliminary results from a Bayesian spatio-temporal model suggest that persistent patches are distinct but do mix, contrary to the current assumption of one population.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it