Depth-associated genetic structure within redfish (Sebastes mentella) across the North Atlantic: one broad region, two depth strata, two incipient species?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.Genetic and shape analyses of archived otoliths were used for investigating redfish (Sebastes mentella) population structure at depths above and below 500 m, at the scale of the North Atlantic (i.e., Canadian waters, West Greenland shelf, and Irminger Sea). DNA was extracted from 853 archived otoliths sampled in 2009-2011 and was genotyped at 13 microsatellite loci. An individual-based clustering method detected two genetic groups; both groups were observed within each region. Overall, these groups segregated by depth, but (i) juveniles from the genetic 'deep group' were usually found at depth shallower than 500m, in regions close to the continental shelf/slope and (ii) large adult specimens from the genetic 'shallow group' strongly dominated all sampling depths in the southwest Irminger Sea and Flemish Cap. No consistent spatial structure was observed within each group, but introgression with Sebastes fasciatus was observed on the Flemish Cap within the genetic 'shallow-group'. Specimen size disparity between regions resulted in a dominant effect of allometry which confounded otolith shape comparisons between regions. The present study supports the hypothesis of incipient speciation and calls for a better integration of genetic identity, depth, and life-history information into redfish management practices.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".