The Relationship Between Electron Precipitation and the Population of Trapped Electrons in LEO: New Evidence Supporting a Natural Limit to the Flux of Energetic Electrons
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Figure S1 illustrates that at L=4.75 electrons with an equatorial pitch angle, aeq, of 5⁰ will mirror at the altitude of the POES spacecrafts and be detected by the 90⁰ telescope assuming a dipole magnetic field. Figure S1 is used to provide an estimate for the extrapolated K-P flux which would be detected by the 90⁰ telescope used in Figure 4 in main paper. This mapping from the equatorially mirroring flux to the locally mirroring flux at the altitude of the POES spacecrafts assumes that the momentum and first adiabatic invariant of the electrons are conserved. Figure S2 shows the number of events detected by all the POES spacecrafts in the different MLT bins. Figure S3 shows the distribution of the Kp geomagnetic index values during events at the different trapped flux levels shown in Figures 5 and 6 in the main paper. Figure S4 shows the change in kinetic energy as a function of L-shell of electrons along the drift paths shown in Figure 7 in the main paper.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".