Benthic Habitats and the Effects of Fishing
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract. Seafloor habitats of the Canadian part of Georges Bank were assessed and mapped following the habitat template theory (Southwood 1988). The approach considers the primary selective forces (habitat disturbance and adversity of the environment) that have shaped the existing communities of benthic species and that have defined the life history traits of species found in different habitats. The disturbance axis of the template is modeled based on the information on sediment, currents, and bathymetry. The adversity axis is modeled based on chlorophyll concentration, bottom water temperature, salinity, and seasonal variability in temperature. A preliminary sediment map needed for assessment of the natural disturbance rate was developed from high-resolution multibeam backscatter groundtruthed with archive and current sediment sample data. The distribution of megabenthos assemblages identified from underwater photography was found to follow gradients in disturbance and adversity on the bank. We suggest that application of the habitat template theory is useful for ocean managers in defining areas that are more or less likely to suffer from adverse human impacts. If natural rates of habitat disturbance are high, then risk of harmful habitat alteration and degradation is lower than in naturally stable areas. Similarly, if the natural adversity of the environment is high, then adding additional stressors will further reduce the scope for growth of organisms, which makes natural populations in adverse environments less likely to recover than populations in benign environments.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".