Bibliographic record
Abstract
Genus Homalocnemis Philippi, 1865 Homalocnemis Philippi, 1865: 752. Type-species: Homalocnemis nigripennis Philippi (mon.). Fraudator Hutton, 1901: 23. Type-species: Fraudator perspicuus Hutton, 1901 (mon.). References. Reed, 1888: 301 (cat.); Bigot, 1889: 121 (refs.); Bezzi, 1909: 301 (in key); Kertész, 1909: 8 (cat.); Melander, 1928: 12 (in key), 14 (redes.), pl. 5, fig. 41; Collin, 1928: 2 (list), 3 (in key), 54–55 (classif., syn.); Collin, 1933: 8 (in key), 27 (com.), 28–29 (redes.); Stuardo, 1946: 104 (cat.); Smith, 1967: 9 (cat.); Chvála, 1983: 10 (classif.), 19, 21, 25, 33, 35, 47, 70, 87 (com.); Smith, 1989: 388 (cat.); Chvála, 1991: 13, 17 (com.); Sinclair, 1995: 720 (tax.); Sinclair, 1999: 131, 141 (com.); Sabrosky, 1999: 24, 159 (cat., Diptera family group names); Sinclair & Cumming, 2006: 4 (com.), 9 (dist.); 22 (com.), 25, 26, 49, 61, 62, (phy.), 64 (biol.), 68 (com.), 72 (classif.), 82 (in key); Yang et al., 2007: 280 (cat.); Kirk-Spriggs & Stuckenberg, 2009: 160, 179 (com., fig. 6.2); Marshall, 2012: 231 (com.); Kirk-Spriggs & Muller, 2017: 207 (com.); Sinclair (2017a): 1261 (tax.); Wahlberg & Johanson, 2018: 3, 6 (phy.); González & Llanos, 2019: 121 (list). Diagnosis. Medium-sized flies (wing length 5-8.5 mm); darkish in colour; head large, wider than height, narrower than thorax; compound eye large, encompassing entire lateral surface of head; males and females with eyes closely approximated on frons for long distance, upper facets enlarged; ocellar triangle prominent, elevated above eyes; antenna with postpedicel elongate; stylus elongate, cylindrical, not tapered, comprised of 2 articles, bearing apical peg-like receptor; proboscis thick, tubular, projecting horizontally slightly beyond head; labrum lacking epipharyngeal blades; palpus arched, closely appressed to concave face; thorax distinctly humped; wing elongate, with costal vein circumambient; vein R 4+5 branched; vein M 1 sinuous; cell cua longer than basal cells br and bm, with lower angle acute; mid femur swollen, raptorial with geniculate tibia; male terminalia unrotated; phallus either articulated with hypandrium, fused to apex of hypandrium, or enclosed by the hypandrium; female terminalia without acanthophorites; single spermatheca oval, darkly pigmented (Sinclair 2017a). Remarks. Internal details of the terminalia of the Chilean species of Homalocnemis have not been previously presented and here we add figures for both sexes. The terminalia are unique on the basis of the position of the phallus in association with the hypandrium (as presented under “Discussion” below) and support the distinctiveness of Homalocnemidae as an independent lineage within Empidoidea
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.026 | 0.006 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".