TREND: United States Census Bureau. State and Local Government Finances: Cash and Security Holdings | State: Michigan | County: Alcona, Alger, Allegan, Alpena, Antrim, Arenac, Baraga, Barry, Bay, Benzie, Berrien, Branch, Calhoun, Cass, Charlevoix, Cheboygan, Chippewa, Clare, Clinton, Crawford, Delta, Dickinson, Eaton, Emmet, Genesee, Gladwin, Gogebic, Grand Traverse, Gratiot, Hillsdale, Houghton, Huron, Ingham, Ionia, Iosco, Iron, Isabella, Jackson, Kalamazoo, Kalkaska, Kent, Keweenaw, Lake, Lapeer, Leelanau, Lenawee, Livingston, Luce, Mackinac, Macomb, Manistee, Marquette, Mason, Mecosta, Menominee, Midland, Missaukee, Monroe, Montcalm, Montmorency, Muskegon, Newaygo, Oakland, Oceana, Ogemaw, Ontonagon, Osceola, Oscoda, Otsego, Ottawa, Presque Isle, Roscommon, Saginaw, Saint Clair, Saint Joseph, Sanilac, Schoolcraft, Shiawassee, Tuscola, Van Buren, Washtenaw, Wayne, Wexford | Finance Line Item*: Sinking Funds - Cash and Securities, Bond Funds - Cash and Securities, Other Funds - Cash and Securities, 2012. Data-Planet™ Statistical Datasets by Conquest Systems, Inc. Dataset-ID: 001-028-018
Bibliographic record
Abstract
United States Census Bureau. State and Local Government Finances: Cash and Security Holdings | State: Michigan | County: Alcona, Alger, Allegan, Alpena, Antrim, Arenac, Baraga, Barry, Bay, Benzie, Berrien, Branch, Calhoun, Cass, Charlevoix, Cheboygan, Chippewa, Clare, Clinton, Crawford, Delta, Dickinson, Eaton, Emmet, Genesee, Gladwin, Gogebic, Grand Traverse, Gratiot, Hillsdale, Houghton, Huron, Ingham, Ionia, Iosco, Iron, Isabella, Jackson, Kalamazoo, Kalkaska, Kent, Keweenaw, Lake, Lapeer, Leelanau, Lenawee, Livingston, Luce, Mackinac, Macomb, Manistee, Marquette, Mason, Mecosta, Menominee, Midland, Missaukee, Monroe, Montcalm, Montmorency, Muskegon, Newaygo, Oakland, Oceana, Ogemaw, Ontonagon, Osceola, Oscoda, Otsego, Ottawa, Presque Isle, Roscommon, Saginaw, Saint Clair, Saint Joseph, Sanilac, Schoolcraft, Shiawassee, Tuscola, Van Buren, Washtenaw, Wayne, Wexford | Finance Line Item*: Sinking Funds - Cash and Securities, Bond Funds - Cash and Securities, Other Funds - Cash and Securities, 2012. Data-Planet™ Statistical Datasets by Conquest Systems, Inc. Dataset-ID: 001-028-018 Dataset: Reports statistics on governments’ financial and capital assets. These assets include cash on hand, demand or time deposits, savings accounts, government securities (of federal, state, and local governments), and private securities (bonds, notes, mortgages, corporate stocks, etc.). Also included are loans and other credit paper held by government loan and investment funds. Sinking funds are defined as cash and security holdings held specifically for debt service purposes (interest payments and redemption of principal) on long-term debt, including those of utilities, regardless of debt purpose. The Census Bureau conducts a census of governments at five- year intervals, and an annual survey of a sample of state and local governments for the intervening years. The dataset covers government financial activity in four broad categories: revenue, expenditure, debt, and assets. Revenue data include taxes (ie, property, sales, tobacco, motor vehicle, licensing and permit), charges, interest, and other earnings. Expenditure data include total by function (ie, education, highways, airports, water and sewerage, health, hospitals, corrections, fire and police protection), and by accounting category (ie, current operations and capital outlays). Debt data include issuance, retirement, and amounts outstanding. Financial assets data include securities and other holdings, by type. The data collection for the state and local finance survey utilizes three modes: mail canvass, internet collection, and central collection from state sources. Collection methods vary by state and type of government. Reviews of government accounting records provide data for most state government agencies and the 48 largest and most complex county and municipal governments. Data for local governments in about 27 states are consolidated and submitted by state agencies (central collections), usually as electronic transmissions or mutually developed questionnaires. Each of these central collection arrangements is unique, conforming to the Census Bureau and the states’ requirements. Data for the balance of local governments were obtained via mail questionnaires sent directly to county, municipal, township, and special district governments. In some cases the data from central collections and mail canvass procedures were incomplete or questionable. If Census Bureau analysts were unable to obtain corrected data from original sources, they attempted to obtain data from Comprehensive Annual Financial Reports or from secondary sources. The survey combines data from several government finance surveys, including the 2012 State Government Finances, 2012 State and Local Public Employee-Retirement Systems, and the 2012 Public Elementary-Secondary Education Finances. http://www2.census.gov/pub/outgoing/govs/special60/ Category: Government and Politics Subject: State Government, Assets, Public Finance, Capital, Local Government Source: United States Census Bureau The US Census Bureau is a bureau of the US Department of Commerce. The major functions of the Census Bureau are authorized by Article 2, Section 2 of the United States Constitution, which provides that a census of population shall be taken every 10 years, and by Title 13 and Title 26 of the United States Code of Federal Regulations. The Census Bureau is responsible for numerous statistical programs, including census and surveys of households, governments, manufacturing and industries, and for US foreign trade statistics. The first US census was conducted in 1790 for the purposes of apportioning state representation in the US House of Representatives and for the apportionment of taxes. http://www.census.gov
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.011 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.143 | 0.149 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".