First report of wasabi mottle virus causing ringspot and vein-clearing symptoms on wasabi (<i>Wasabia japonica</i>) in North America
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Symptoms of ringspots and vein-clearing were observed on wasabi (Wasabia japonica (Miq) Matsum) plants in three greenhouses in British Columbia during 2017. Ten indicator plant species, including four Nicotiana species, were inoculated with sap extracts from symptomatic leaves; after 4–11 days, necrotic lesions developed on all plants. Transmission electron microscopy revealed rod-shaped virions, 250–300 nm in length, in leaves of N. occidentalis and N. clevelandii. Total RNA from symptomatic wasabi tissues was used in RT-PCR with universal primers corresponding to five virus genera and specific primers for turnip ringspot virus and alfalfa mosaic virus. Amplicons ~400 bp in size were obtained with tobamovirus primer set TobN up3/TobN do4 and amplicons of ~300 and ~600 bp were obtained with ilarvirus primer set Ilar1F5/Ilar1R7. Sequencing and MegaBLAST (NCBI) query of the Ilar amplicons showed 99% identity to wasabi mottle virus (WMoV), a member of the genus Tobamovirus. Next-generation Sequencing confirmed WMoV as the only virus present in diseased plants. BC isolates (GenBank accession no. MK431779) showed 99.43% sequence identity to isolate ‘Alishan’ (GenBank accession no. KJ207375.1) and 98.62% identity to ‘Tochigi’ strain (GenBank accession no. AB017504.1). Mechanical inoculation of wasabi cultivars ‘Green Thumb’ and ‘Daruma’ produced ringspots and vein-clearing symptoms after 22–23 days on the former while the latter was asymptomatic, but WMoV was detected in all plants by RT-PCR. WMoV may have been introduced into Canada on imported infected ‘Green Thumb’ plants and subsequently spread through commercial vegetative propagation. The effects on yield or rhizome quality are yet unknown.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".