Concentrations of Polychlorinated\nBiphenyls in Indoor Air and\nPolybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in\nIndoor Air and Dust in Birmingham,\nUnited Kingdom: Implications for\nHuman Exposure
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated\nbiphenyls (PCBs) were measured in air (using PUF disk\npassive samplers) in 31 homes, 33 offices, 25 cars, and 3\npublic microenvironments. Average concentrations of ΣBDE\n(273 pg m<sup>-3</sup>) and ΣPCB (8920 pg m<sup>-3</sup>) were an order of\nmagnitude higher than those previously reported for outdoor\nair. Cars were the most contaminated microenvironment\nfor ΣBDE (average = 709 pg m<sup>-3</sup>), but the least for ΣPCB\n(average = 1391 pg m<sup>-3</sup>). Comparison with data from a\nprevious spatially consistent study, revealed no significant\ndecline in concentrations of ΣPCB in indoor air since 1997−98. Concentrations in indoor dust from 8 homes were on\naverage 215.2 ng ΣBDE g<sup>-1</sup>, slightly higher than other\nEuropean dust samples, but twenty times lower than Canadian\nsamples. Inhalation makes an important contribution\n(between 4.2 and 63% for adults) to overall UK exposure\nto ΣPCB. For ΣBDE, dust ingestion makes a significant butin contrast to Canadaa not overwhelming contribution\n(up to 37% for adults, and 69% for toddlers). Comparison of\nUK and Canadian estimates of absolute exposure to\nΣBDE suggest that differences in dust contamination are\nthe likely cause of higher PBDE body burdens in North\nAmericans compared to Europeans.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".