Rock phosphate-potassium and rock-solubilising bacteria as alternative, sustainable fertilisers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Classical, soluble fertilisers create environmental and economic problems. As an alternative, we studied the direct applications of phosphate rock and potassium rock in conjunction with phosphate-solubilising bacteria and potassium-solubilising bacteria for cultivation of hot pepper Capsicum annuum L. Our findings show that integration of P and K rocks with inoculation of P- and K-solubilising bacteria increased P availability from 12 to 21% and K availability from 13 to 15% in the soil as compared with control, and subsequently improved nutrient (N, P and K) uptake to the plant. This integration also increased plant photosynthesis by 16% and leaf area by 35% as compared with control plants. Similarly, biomass harvest and fruit yield of the treated plants were 23% and 30%, respectively, higher as compared with control. Overall, we found that the treatment with P and K rocks and PK-solubilising bacterial strains and the treatment with classical, soluble fertiliser have a similar effectiveness. Therefore, direct application of P and K rocks and solubilising bacteria is a promising, sustainable alternative to the use of classical fertilisers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".