Distribution,\nPartitioning and Bioaccumulation of\nSubstituted Diphenylamine Antioxidants and Benzotriazole UV Stabilizers\nin an Urban Creek in Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Substituted diphenylamine\nantioxidants (SDPAs) and benzotriazole\nUV stabilizers (BZT-UVs), previously under reported classes of organic\ncontaminants, were determined in sediment, water, and freshwater biota\nin an urban creek in Canada. SDPAs and BZT-UVs were frequently detected\nin all matrices including upstream of the urban area in a rural agricultural/woodlot\nregion, suggesting a ubiquitous presence and bioaccumulation of these\nemerging contaminants. Spatial comparisons were characterized by higher\nlevels of SDPAs downstream compared with the upstream, implying a\npossible influence of the urban activities on the antioxidant contamination\nin the sampling area. In sediment, 4,4′-bis(α,α-dimethylbenzyl)-diphenylamine\n(diAMS), dioctyl-diphenylamine (C8C8), and dinonyl-diphenylamine (C9C9)\nwere the most dominant congeners of SDPAs, with concentrations up\nto 191 ng/g (dry weight, d.w.). Benthic invertebrates Crayfish (<i>Orcoescties</i> spp.) had larger body burdens of SDPAs and BZT-UVs\ncompared to pelagic fish (hornyhead chub (<i>Nocomis biguttatus</i>) and common shiner (<i>Luxilus cornutus</i>)) in the creek\nand partitioning coefficients demonstrated that sediment was the major\nreservoir of these contaminants. This is the first report of bioaccumulation\nand partitioning behaviors of SDPAs and BZT-UVs in freshwater environments.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".