The mobility of arsenic in a Canadian freshwater system receiving\ngold mine effluents
Bibliographic record
Abstract
\nThe mobility of arsenic in freshwater systems is dictated by its partitioning between\nthe solid and dissolved fractions in the sediments and their interstitial waters. Arsenic is largely\nassociated with ferric iron in the form of oxyhydroxides in oxic waters and sediments as arsenate\nAs (V). In deeper anaerobic sediments arsenic is released from iron oxyhydroxides because of the\nreduction of iron from the ferric to the more soluble ferrous state. Reducing environments can\nalso be encountered in sediments relatively close to the sediment-water interface when there are\nhigh rates of biological activity that consume oxygen and create a reducing environment. For the\npast several years we have examined the relationships between organic carbon content of surface\nsediments, bottom water anoxia, redox zonation of sediments and the release of arsenic from\nfreshwater sediments to the overlying waters. These studios have been performed using\nlimnocorrals to isolate columns of water and their underlying sediments in Balmer Lake, a shallow\nfreshwater system in Central Canada that has served as the final repository for tailings from two\ngold mines for more than 40 years. Our results indicate that surface sediments with higher organic\ncarbon content are more susceptible to developing late season bottom water anoxia that can\nfacilitate the subsequent release of arsenic from sediments to the overlying water. These results\nhave implications for metal mining operations where reduced metal loadings from effluents or\nmine closure are expected to result in higher biological productivity and greater organic matter\ndeposition to sediments.\n
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".