Effects of\nGenetics and Environment on the Metabolome of Commercial Maize Hybrids:\nA Multisite Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study was designed to elucidate the biological variation\nin\nexpression of many metabolites due to environment, genotype, or both,\nand to investigate the potential utility of metabolomics to supplement\ncompositional analysis for substantial equivalence assessments of\ngenetically modified (GM) crops. A total of 654 grain and 695 forage\nsamples from 50 genetically diverse non-GM DuPont Pioneer maize hybrids\ngrown at six locations in the U.S. and Canada were analyzed by coupled\ngas chromatography time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (GC/TOF-MS). A\ntotal of 156 and 185 metabolites were measured in grain and forage\nsamples, respectively. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses\nwere employed extensively to compare and correlate the metabolite\nprofiles. We show that the environment had far more impact on the\nforage metabolome compared to the grain metabolome, and the environment\naffected up to 50% of the metabolites compared to less than 2% by\nthe genetic background. The findings from this study demonstrate that\nthe combination of GC/TOF-MS metabolomics and comprehensive multivariate\nstatistical analysis is a powerful approach to identify the sources\nof natural variation contributed by the environment and genotype.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".