Distribution and Early Diagenesis of\nAntimony Species in Sediments and\nPorewaters of Freshwater Lakes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The study identifies the role played by different components\nof natural aquatic systems on the poorly known geochemistry of antimony. Different chemical forms of antimony were\nmeasured in porewaters and sediments of two Sudbury\nlakes characterized by contrasting redox conditions at the\nsediment−water interface. In porewaters, Sb(III) was\npresent under reducing conditions where it could exist as\nSbS<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup> according to thermodynamic calculations. Sb(V)\nwas detected mainly under oxic and mildly reducing\nenvironments where its presence was attributed to the\noxidizing effect of iron and manganese oxyhydroxides or\nto the slow kinetics of reduction by dissolved sulfide or possible\ncomplexation by it. A third form of Sb identified as\nrefractory was obtained after UV irradiation of the water\nsamples, suggesting an association of Sb to low molecular\nweight natural organic matter. The distribution of Sb in\nsediments of the two lakes revealed (through the comparison\nof profiles and statistical correlations) the importance of\niron and manganese oxyhydroxides in controlling the behavior\nof Sb, particularly in the lake where the interface was\nclearly oxic. Porewater profiles indicate that the dissolution\nof manganese and iron oxyhydroxides under anoxic\nconditions leads to the simultaneous release of dissolved\nSb previously sorbed onto those compounds. In reducing\nsediments, the control of the solubility of Sb by iron sulfides\nis suggested.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".