Changes in serum neurofilament light chain protein levels in patients with neurodegenerative diseases: a Meta-analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective To systematic evaluate the change of serum neurofilament light chain protein (NfL) level in patients with different neurodegenerative disease and different degrees of cognitive impairment.Methods A comprehensive search of literatures was conducted in the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang and CBM from inception to April 30, 2023. Literatures with serum NfL levels in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple system atrophy (MSA), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and healthy controls were included in the cohort or case-control studies. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies. RevMan 5.4 software was used to analyze the change of serum NfL between exposure group and non-exposure group. The effect size was expressed by standard mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI).Results 62 comparative studies extracted from a total of 43 literatures were included. Comparing PD, AD, MSA, PSP with their respective healthy control groups, the four groups included 9, 24, 9, and 8 studies, respectively. The levels of serum NfL in the PD group [SMD=0.27, 95%CI (0.17, 0.36)], AD group [SMD=0.97, 95%CI (0.70, 1.23)], MSA group [SMD=1.51, 95%CI (0.97, 2.05)], and PSP group [SMD=1.54 95%CI (1.14, 1.93)] were higher than those in the healthy controls in their respective groups. Further comparison was conducted between PD normal cognitive (PD-NC) and PD with dementia (PD-D), AD mild cognitive impairment (AD-MCI) and AD with dementia (AD-D) groups. 3 and 9 studies were included in the two comparison groups, respectively. The serum NfL levels of PD-D patients were higher than those of PD-NC patients [SMD=0.92, 95%CI (0.63, 1.20)], and the serum NfL levels of AD-D patients were higher than those of AD-MCI patients [SMD=0.61, 95%CI (0.49, 0.72)].Conclusion The serum NfL levels in patients with PD, AD, MSA, and PSP are higher than those in healthy individuals, and the greater the degree of cognitive impairment, the higher the serum NfL levels. Serum NfL may be a potential peripheral biomarker reflecting neurodegenerative diseases, which can further reflect the decline in cognitive levels.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.015 | 0.024 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.019 | 0.046 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.007 | 0.007 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".