The effects of different types, intensities, and patterns of exercise on glycemic regulation and its determinants in individuals living with type 2 diabetes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Problem: Exercise improves glycemic regulation and lowers mortality risk in type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, knowledge gaps persist regarding how exercise quality and quantity impact glycemic regulation, especially in real-world settings. Similarly, while a single bout of exercise is known to enhance glycemic regulation, its magnitude and sustainability outside controlled environments require further investigation. Aims: This dissertation aims to: i) examine the effects of different types, intensities, and patterns of exercise on glucose homeostasis (Studies 1, 2 and 3) and ii) evaluate the feasibility of free-living blood collection and delivery for assessing glucose regulation in a real-world exercise intervention (Study 4). Methods: Three of the four studies (Studies 1,2,4) of this PhD utilized data from a large (n=120), multi-site pilot randomized controlled trial investigating a 26-week mHealth exercise intervention. These studies examined how different exercise parameters (duration, volume, intensity, consistency) influenced glycemic regulation across the 26-week exercise intervention, investigated if there were differences in glycemic regulation on exercise vs. non-exercise days in a real-world setting, and assessed the feasibility of remote blood collection to measure glucose regulation across the Canada-wide intervention. Study 3 was an analysis of a semi-randomized acute cross-over study and explored if different patterns of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) impacted beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity - the key physiological determinants of glucose regulation. General Conclusions: Average exercise duration and total exercise accumulated during the first 13 weeks of the 26-week intervention predicted HbA1c, SD and mean 24-hour glucose at the end of the 26-week exercise intervention. In this real-world setting, individuals living with newly diagnosed T2D had improved glycemic regulation in the 24-hour period after a bout of exercise as compared to days when they did not perform exercise. In a laboratory setting, an acute bout of 4 X 4-minute or 10 X 1-minute HIIT improved beta-cell glucose sensitivity in females living with T2D when compared to a seated control condition. As part of an exercise intervention in T2D, it appeared feasible for a diverse group of participants from across Canada to collect capillary blood and return by mail for remote assessment of glucose regulation via HbA1c.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".