Distribution and Movement Patterns of Killer Whales (Orcinus orca) in the Northwest Atlantic
Bibliographic record
Abstract
No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.Killer whales (Orcinus orca) occur throughout the northwest Atlantic. A sightings database and photographic catalogue, created mostly from opportunistic sources, is used to examine the occurrence of killer whales in Atlantic Canada. A majority of the sightings are from the Newfoundland and Labrador Region despite comparable observer coverage in adjacent areas such as the Gulf of St. Lawrence and Scotian Shelf, which suggests greater abundance in and habitat preference for Newfoundland and Labrador waters. Killer whales occur in all months of the year and in both near- and offshore regions, although particular sighting patterns may represent local observer effort and awareness. The distribution, movement, and residency patterns of killer whales may be closely linked to that of their prey; they have been observed harassing, attacking, and eating marine mammals, including minke whales (Balaenoptera acuterostrata), dolphins, and seals, and potentially eating fish. Some killer whales appear to remain year round in the Newfoundland and Labrador area and have been sighted during the spring within pack ice, potentially in association with breeding harp seals (Phoca groenlandica). Based on photographic records, individual killer whales in this area have been shown to move hundreds of kilometers within a year. Conversely, although there is no spatial or temporal evidence of seasonal migration, killer whales may be reliably seen in certain areas during particular times of the year, suggesting that long-term site fidelity patterns may exist within this population
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".