Bibliographic record
Abstract
Education for Wellbeing was a large-scale research programme, funded by the Department for Education, involving two randomised control trials. Through Education for Wellbeing, we evaluated a range of mental health and wellbeing interventions being delivered in primary and secondary schools. Our aim was to examine the impact of these approaches on children and young people’s mental health. The programme ran between 2018 and 2024. Across England, 32,655 pupils across 513 schools participated in Education for Wellbeing. The Anna Freud Schools Division delivered the interventions within the programme and the Evidence-Based Practice Unit evaluated the approaches, examining their impact on pupils’ mental health and wellbeing. There were two trials that are part of Education for Wellbeing: AWARE and INSPIRE. As part of AWARE, schools were randomly allocated to one of the following approaches: - A set of five lessons that use role play designed to improve pupils’ understanding of mental health and reduce suicide rates. Developed in Sweden and America, Youth Aware Mental Health (YAM) encourages pupils to share their own ideas about how to maintain good mental health and how to help each other to find ways to resolve everyday dilemmas. - A teacher training programme developed in Canada called The Guide. Adapted for England for the study, it develops teachers’ understanding of mental health, trains them on how to teach their pupils about it and addresses stigma. - Usual practice. Schools that are allocated to usual practice continue as usual and receive free mental health and wellbeing training at the end of the trial. As part of INSPIRE, schools are randomly allocated to: - A series of eight lessons designed to increase young people’s skills around personal safety and managing their mental health, as well as helping them to identify their support networks. - Training pupils in relaxation techniques embedded into the school day, every day for five minutes. Training pupils in mindfulness-based exercises embedded into the school day, every day for five minutes. - Usual practice. Schools that are allocated to usual practice continue as usual and receive free mental health and wellbeing training at the end of the trial. The results from the programme highlight three interventions that show promise for use in schools: Strategies for Safety and Wellbeing, for both primary and secondary schools Relaxation Techniques, for primary schools only Mindfulness-Based Exercises, for secondary schools only. Findings also provide recommendations around implementation, selecting evidence-based approaches and monitoring outcomes in the longer term when new interventions are embedded in schools. For more information see: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/education-for-wellbeing-programme-findings https://www.annafreud.org/research/current-research-projects/education-for-wellbeing/
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.026 | 0.053 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.007 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.105 | 0.013 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".