Sandy beach invertebrates and their relationship to beach geomorhology and erosion rate: studying community structure in a highly vulnerable system in eastern Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.Sea level rise influences the rate of shoreline erosion and constitutes one of the many factors causing spatial and temporal change in sandy beach habitats. In eastern Canada, Prince Edward Island’s north shore is particularly vulnerable to surges and storms, with shoreline erosion rates as high as 330 cm year–1 recorded in the last decade. Because marine invertebrates associated to exposed sandy beaches are assumed to be primarily controlled by species-specific responses to swash climate and sediment characteristics, they should respond to physical changes such as those linked to erosion. We hypothesized that areas exposed to different levels of erosion exhibit different intertidal characteristics and, consequently, different faunistic densities and distributions. We sampled 12 sandy beaches associated with three main geomorphologic types: dune, till, and sandstone deposits. At each beach we surveyed invertebrates and sediments from the intertidal zone (20 samples per beach). Simultaneously, we measured slope and identified erosion levels based on proximity to erosion monitoring stations established in the area. The highest overall densities were found in sandy beaches associated with dune and till coasts, which coincidentally, also exhibited the highest levels of erosion. Species richness was low but also positively correlated with level of erosion and was highest in dune and till beaches. These results suggest that beach geomorphology and erosion rate play a role in community parameters, and that density and species richness should be explored further in order to identify the best indicators (indices or species) to account for community change and sandy beach monitoring.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".