The Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics of Extramammary Paget Disease Patients in Canada and Assessing the Risk of Second Malignancies
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Extramammary Paget Disease (EMPD) is a rare intraepithelial adenocarcinoma that arises in apocrine glandu2010bearing skin and presents as a chronic rash that resembles several disorders such as eczema, cutaneous T cell lymphoma, Langerhans cells histiocytosis, intraepithelial neoplasia, fungal infections and psoriasis. EMPD is often associated with underlying or distant malignancies. The epidemiology of EMPD in Canada is incompletely understood. Further, the risk of developing second malignancies in Canadian EMPD patients was not evaluated prior to the presented study. In this study, we thoroughly analyzed clinical characteristic, incidence and geographical distribution of EMPD patients in Canada from 1992 to 2015 using the Canadian Cancer Registry (CCR). In summary, in Canada, 845 patients were diagnosed with EMPD between 1992 and 2015. The mean incidence rate of EMPD in Canada was 1.1 cases per 1 million individuals per year with noteworthy variations in the incidence across the country. The male:female incidence ratio of EMPD was 1.00:1.87. The incidence of EMPD in Canada increased steadily within the aforementioned period. Analysis of the occurrence of second malignancies in EMPD patients revealed that 29.6% of EMPD patient developed at least one additional malignancy. These malignancies were predominantly adenocarcinoma at gastrointestinal sites. In conclusion, this study describes the epidemiology and patient distribution of EMPD patients in Canada. Further, the study also confirms increased risks of second malignancies in EMPD patients. Epidemiological studies, such as the presented one here, shed light on the risk factors associated with the development of EMPD and encourage regular screening of EMPD patients for second malignancies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.005 | 0.008 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".