Occurrence of Pacific Harbour Porpoise (Phocoena phocoena vomerina) Social Communication Click Trains in Northern British Columbia, Canada (2020-2023)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
For cetaceans that produce narrow-band high-frequency click trains such as the Pacific harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena vomerinae), social acoustic behavior is poorly understood. While harbour porpoises have a reputation of being generally non-social and often solitary, few studies have aimed to quantify acoustic social communication for this species. In the waters surrounding the Port of Prince Rupert in British Columbia, Canada, harbour porpoises are often seen in groups where they have been observed attempting mating and surface-active behaviors. To assess the extent of social communication amongst porpoises in this region, we analyzed a long-term passive acoustic monitoring F-POD dataset collected from two sites, coupled with a detailed social acoustic criterion for detecting patterns of non-foraging click trains. Based on these criteria, porpoises were found to be producing patterns of obvious, discrete, and repetitive click trains that were marked as social. Generalized additive models were used to identify significant temporal trends in the dataset. On average, 5.3% of click trains produced by porpoises were social. Monthly and diurnal fluctuations in social detection positive minutes (DPM) followed a similar trajectory to non-social DPM, with peak activity observed during periods of darkness and from spring to early summer with a smaller increase in the fall. At one site, 11.1% of the DPM in May were classified as social. In general, proportionally more social DPM were found during periods of more overall DPM, suggesting that porpoises were socially communicating while in proximity to one another. Notably, overall DPM significantly decreased by 53.7% over three years. This novel methodology can be replicated in other regions to gain further insight into the social acoustic behavior of harbour porpoises. This project is part of the Coastal Environmental Baseline Program Initiative under the Oceans Protection Plan of Fisheries and Oceans Canada.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".