Morphological patterns and spatial probability maps of the sulci of the ventrolateral frontal cortex
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the language dominant hemisphere, damage to the ventrolateral frontal cortex, including surrounding tissue and underlying white matter, results in the language disorder known as Brocau2019s aphasia. Moreover, in patients undergoing surgery, stimulation of the posterior ventrolateral frontal cortex of the language dominant hemisphere is sufficient to produce speech arrest. The present study provides an in-depth analysis of the sulcal morphology of this region using magnetic resonance imaging. Morphological patterns of the anterior ascending ramus of the lateral fissure (aalf), the horizontal ramus of the lateral fissure (half), the sulcus diagonalis (ds), and the triangular sulcus (ts) were classified after voxels representing these sulci were labelled in 40 in-vivo MRI volumes (1.5T) that were linearly registered to the Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) stereotaxic space. The spatial variability and extent of each sulcus was then quantified across subjects using probabilistic mapping. The results demonstrate that the ds, found on the pars opercularis of the inferior frontal gyrus, is a relatively superficial sulcus that can be identified in about 50% of subjects. The aalf and the half, on the other hand, are reliable sulci that extend medially to reach the insula and thus help define the pars triangularis and pars opercularis. Finally, the ts, which divides the pars triangularis into an anterior and a posterior component, often merges with the anterior end of the inferior frontal sulcus. Understanding the details of the sulcal morphology of this region is crucial to the correct anatomical localization of ventrolateral frontal cortex involved in language processing.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".