A global review of carbonatite-hosted fluid inclusions and the role of fluid release on carbonatite magma ascent
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Carbonatites crystallize from mantle-derived carbonate- and volatile-rich melts that exsolve large amounts of fluids during their ascent through and emplacement into the crust. A global review of available fluid inclusion data for carbonatitic systems from variable emplacement depths identified four types of fluid inclusions: (type-I) vapour-poor H2O-NaCl fluids with <50 wt.% salinity; (type-II) vapour-rich H2O-NaCl-CO2 fluids with <5 wt.% salinity; (type-III) multi-component fluids with high salinity without CO2; and (type-IV) multi-component fluids with high salinity and high CO2. This global data set indicates initial release of type-I saline brines that may either separate into immiscible type-II and -III fluids (eruption?) or may continuously evolve into type-IV fluids (sealing?). Moreover, fluid inclusions in early magmatic apatite crystallization suggest initial fluid release (type-I) at depths of 12-16 km (brittle-ductile transitions zone), which may be related to a sudden pressure drop initiated by crustal fracturing during rapid, forceful and discontinuous magma ascent. Our model for the ascent of carbonatitic magmas is adopted from a jackhammer-like process, which explains the apparent absence of shallow carbonatite magma chambers, reflects the observed intrusion geometries, identifies fenitization as a process induced by fluids released during magma ascent and final emplacement, and demonstrates the formation of fluid induced brecciation related to magma ascent. The proposed model of a self-sustaining system is also in agreement with a turbulent ascent and high ascent rates, which allows for the transport of mantle xenoliths through the crust as observed in several cases.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".