From Calcutta Madrasaḥ to 'Āliah University: A Journey
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The history of Muslim education in India since the inception of British rule, is closely associated with the history of Calcutta Madrasaḥ popularly known as Madrasaḥ-e-ʿĀliah. It is the main spring from and round which a system of madrasaḥ education grew up in India. The Calcutta Madrasaḥ was the first educational institution in India, established by the British Government for the promotion of education in Theological Science, Oriental Studies, Medical Education, Geological Studies and Islamic Laws among the Muslims of Bengal for the purpose of administration and the judiciary. The institution which has managed to cover such a time period of two and a quarter century has played a remarkable role in the dissemination of knowledge, as well as social and cultural activities. It was hugely affected by the partition of the Indian subcontinent in 1947 and lost its earlier prestige and status. Then, owing to continuous movements by the students of the madrasaḥ and votaries of madrasaḥ education, against the ruling government of West Bengal to establish their tradition through this educational Institution, the Calcutta Madrasaḥ regained its college status and then has been upgraded to ʿĀliah University in 2007. This paper traces the journey for this institution.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.048 | 0.011 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.014 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.013 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.007 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.012 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".