Bibliographic record
Abstract
Capra hircus Linnaeus 1758 Capra hircus Linnaeus 1758, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., Vol. 1: 68. Type Locality: "Habitat in montosis"; identified as Sweden (Thomas, 1911 a:152), based on domesticated stock. Vernacular Names: Goat. Subspecies:: Subspecies Capra hircus subsp. hircus Linnaeus 1758 Subspecies Capra hircus subsp. aegagrus Erxleben 1777 Subspecies Capra hircus subsp. chialtanensis (Lydekker 1913) Subspecies Capra hircus subsp. cretica Schinz 1838 Subspecies Capra hircus subsp. jourensis Ivrea 1899 Subspecies Capra hircus subsp. picta Erhard 1858 Distribution: Afghanistan, Caucasus region (Armenia, Azerbaijan, NE Georgia, and S Russia), Iraq, Iran, Israel (till Neolithic), Jordan (extinct), Lebanon (extinct), S Pakistan, Syria (extinct), Turkey, and S Turkmenistan; anciently introduced into Greek isls and probably Oman. Domesticated worldwide; feral populations in British Isles, islands in the Mediterranean, USA, Canada, Chile, Argentina, Venezuela, Australia, New Zealand and many oceanic islands including Bonin, Hawaiian, Galapagos, Seychelles, and Juan Fernandez Isls. Conservation: CITES – Appendix I; ESA – Endangered C. falconeri (= aegagrus) chiltanensis [sic]; IUCN – Critically Endangered as C. aegagrus chialtanensis; otherwise Vulnerable as C. acera and as C. a. aegagrus, C. a. cretica, and C. a. blythi. Discussion: Includes aegagrus, but see Corbet (1978 c:214). Gentry et al. (1996) proposed that majority usage be confirmed by adoption of Capra aegagrus as the name for the wild taxon of Goats and asked the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature to use its plenary power to rule that the name for this wild species is not invalid by virtue of being antedated by the name based on the domestic form. A ruling has now been made in their favour (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 2003 a). It might still be valid for those who consider C. hircus and C. aegagrus to be conspecific to employ the senior name for the name of the species (see Bock, 1997). Both names have been used when referring to wild Goats. Capra aegagrus Erxleben, 1777 is a junior synonym of C. bezoartica Linnaeus, 1766 whose syntypes may have included other species (Blanford, 1875 b); bezoartica may be regarded as a nomen oblitum. Populations anciently introduced to Greek islands include cretica on Crete and Theodorou, jourensis on Giura or Joura in the Northern Sporades, and picta on Antimilo or Erimomilos in the Cyclades. They have been regarded as synonyms of hircus or aegagrus, but their systematic status needs evaluation. Provisionally, aegagrus, cretica, jourensis and picta are listed here as subspecies of C. hircus. A DNA analysis of cretica, aegagrus and domestic Goats (Kahila Bar-Gal et al., 2002) found that cretica was closely allied to domestic Goats and an Iranian wild Goat while a wild Goat from Turkmenistan was distinct. Capra hircus chialtanensis is a population originating from hybrids between Goat and Markhor; Schaller (1977) identified it as most like C. hircus and did not consider it valid, while Manceau et al. (1999 a) regarded it as a markhor or a hybrid, from mtDNA sequence data.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.014 | 0.012 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".