Bibliographic record
Abstract
220 Euura histrio (Serville, 1823) Figs 239, 459 Nematus histrio Serville, 1823: 65. Syntypes ♀♀, not examined [A potential syntype is in MNNP: Lacourt 2000]. Type locality: France, Paris. Nematus rufescens Hartig, 1837: 191–192. Lectotype designated by Schmidt (1997). Synonymy by Konow (1895). Nematus fur Walsh, 1866: 263. Holotype ♂, destroyed (Sheppard 2004). Type locality not specified, but apparently USA, Illinois. Doubtful synonym (Zinovjev & Smith 2000). Nematus glenelgensis Cameron, 1882: 535–536. Syntypes ♀♀ (BMNH?), not examined. Type locality: United Kingdom, Scotland, Lochalsh, Glenelg. Synonymy by Konow (1895). Amauronematus histrio var. nigrescens Enslin, 1915: 375. Lectotype designated below. Amauronematus histrio var. rubens Enslin, 1915: 375. Syntypes ♀♀, no specimens located. Type locality: not stated. Amauronematus histrio var. fallaciosus Enslin, 1918: 735. Diagnosis Colouration and structure of valvula 3 enable identification of the species. Usually, the black first tergite (rarely extensively pale laterally), completely pale terga 3–5, and at least partly black terga 2 and 6–10 are enough to recognize the species. Black or dark brown pterostigma, usually completely or nearly completely black hind femur and tibia (sometimes anteriorly and posteriorly pale or brown), completely black or slightly pale (at base) cerci, black or laterobasally somewhat pale valvula 3, in lateral view more or less symmetrical (ventrally and dorsally curved to similar degree) valvula 3 help further to identify the females. Euura tota can sometimes also have abdomen with a red band (otherwise mostly black species), but pale tegula and usually at least slightly pale mesepisternum in E. histrio females can be used to distinguish them from E. tota. Males of E. tota with a red band might not be distinguishable from E. histrio. Female 6.0– 9.5 mm (rounded to nearest 0.5 mm from Schmidt 1997). Pterostigma black or dark brown; hind femur and tibia usually completely or nearly completely black, sometimes anteriorly and posteriorly pale or brown; first tergite black, rarely extensively pale laterally; middle terga (usually 3–5) completely pale, usually at least some of terga 2 and 6–10 partly black; sterna 2–6 pale; hypopygium pale or partly black; valvifer 2 black to pale; cerci completely black or slightly pale at base; valvula 3 black or basally somewhat pale in lateral view; valvula 3 more or less symmetrical in lateral view, ventrally and dorsally curved to similar degree. Male 5.5–8.0 mm (this study; Schmidt 1997). Pterostigma black, dark brown or centrally paler than externally; hind femur and tibia usually completely or nearly completely black, sometimes hind femur anteriorly and posteriorly pale and hind tibia basally pale or brown; first tergite black; middle terga (3–5) completely pale, terga 2 and 6–8 usually mostly black; sternum 9 black, other sterna pale. Type material examined Lectotype Nematus rufescens GERMANY • ♀; Berlin area; 52° N, 13° E; ZSM, GBIF-GISHym3049. Lectotype Amauronematus histrio var. nigrescens, here designated GERMANY – Bayern • ♀; Erlangen; 49.58° N, 10.98° E; 13 Apr. 1914; E. Enslin leg.; ZSM, GBIFGISHym3689. Holotype Amauronematus histrio var. fallaciosus GERMANY – Bayern • ♀; Ebenhausen; 50.131° N, 10.138° E; 8 Apr. 1912; ZSM, GBIF-GISHym3688. Host plants Salix caprea, S. aurita, S. cinerea L. (Schmidt 1997). Genetics COI Based on 12 specimens, maximum within-species distance is 1.06% and the nearest neighbours, diverging by a minimum of 0%, are Euura stenogaster, E. tota, E. amicula, E. betulae, E. nuorbinjargi, E. rufa, E. septentrionalis, E. striata, E. tenuis, E. hartigi, and E. schlueteri. Nuclear Based on 11 specimens, maximum within-species distance is 1.03% (0.82% based on haplotypes of individual females). The nearest neighbour, diverging by a minimum of 0.07%, is Euura betulae (DEIGISHym80673). Distribution and material examined Palaearctic. Specimens studied are from Bulgaria, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, and the United Kingdom.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.057 | 0.022 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".