Bibliographic record
Abstract
Haliplus (Liaphlus) fulvus (Fabricius, 1801) NEW BRUNSWICK: York Co., New Maryland, Charters Settlement, 45° 49.55΄ N, 66° 43.32΄ W, 18.V.2003, R. P. Webster, coll., mixed forest in small eutrophic pond in dense vegetation (4, RWC). This widely distributed Holarctic species was formerly known in North America as Haliplus (Liaphlus) subguttatus Crotch, 1873 and Haliplus (Liaphlus) salinarius Wallis, 1933, two names that were synonymized by Vondel (1991). Brigham (1996) accepted the synonymy of H. fulvus and H. salinarius, but disagreed about H. subguttatus. Since 1991, long series of both Nearctic species have been examined by BJV, but no reliable characters have been found to distinguish the two species and the shape of the aedeagus of H. subguttatus falls within the range of variation exhibited by specimens of H. fulvus. Accordingly, the synonymy of Vondel (1991) is maintained here. This species was recorded from Nova Scotia by Wallis (1933), and then from Newfoundland by Roughley (1991) and Vondel (1991) (Fig. 1). In the Old World it is widely distributed from Iceland throughout Europe, south to North Africa, east through the Middle East, south to Iraq, and across Central Asia and Siberia as far as Lake Baikal (Vondel 1991). Vondel (1991) summarized its biology, indicating that it is found in clear or peaty stagnant or slowly running water, in lakes, pools, canals, rivers, and ditches, and has even been recorded in brackish water. Larvae probably feed on algae such as Nitella while adults are omnivorous feeding on algae, pollen, and invertebrates such as oligochaetes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".