A review on brood parasitism in Passeriformes, with an emphasis on Asian Koel (Eudynamys scolopacea) and House crow (Corvus splendens) in Pakistan Forest Institute Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Asian Koel (Eudynamys scolopacea) does not develop its own nest and it exploits the nests of House Crow (Corvus splendens) for laying eggs which stay there till hatching as the egg-laying season of both the species takes place at the same time. The instant study was conducted by authors at Research Garden in Pakistan Forests Institute Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan during the months of August & September which fall during the peak breeding season of Asian Koel. The phenomenon of brood parasitism between Asian Koel and House crow was observed in the Bombax ceiba and Melia azedarach. During the field visits for this study, such association was also checked between Asian Koel (Eudynamys scolopacea) and Jungle Crow (Corvus macrorhynchos), but nothing as such came into the observation of the authors at the study sites. In the study area; the sighting of both the species i.e., Asian Koel and House Crow was mostly noted at the same trees in the early morning as well as in the evening. A total of Eight nests of house crow were recorded in the area which was physically checked by the authors to witness the phenomenon of brood parasitism, but such association was only recorded in the two nests of Bombax ceiba and Melia azedarach, the sighting in the study area concluded with the success percentage of 25%.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".