Philine mcleani Valdés, Cadien & Gosliner, 2016, sp. nov.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Philine mcleani sp. nov. Figures 13–14 Type material. HOLOTYPE: Beaufort Sea, Arctic Ocean (70º35.1’N, 146º35.3’W), 48 m depth, R/ V Glacier (WBS-72) (Oregon State University OTB-459), 13 Aug 1972, 9 mm preserved length (LACM 3434). Other material examined. Beaufort Sea, Arctic Ocean (71º41.5’N, 145º23.8’W), 79 m depth, R/ V Glacier (WBS-72) (Oregon State University OTB-456), 9 Aug 1972, 11 specimens 6–9 mm preserved length (LACM 72- 249.11). Beaufort Sea, Arctic Ocean (71º05.7’N, 148º41.0’W), 55 m depth, R/ V Glacier (WBS-72) (Oregon State University OTB-467), 19 Aug 1972, 13 specimens 7–9 mm preserved length (LACM 72-256.19). Beaufort Sea, Arctic Ocean (70º51.5’N, 145º17’W), 348 m depth, R/ V Glacier (WBS-72) (Oregon State University OTB-457), 9 Aug 1972, 1 specimen 8 mm preserved length (LACM 72-250.11). Beaufort Sea, Arctic Ocean (70º49.0’N, 143º45.0’W), 575 m depth, R/ V Ocean Sentinel (Oregon State University OTB-715), 7 Aug 1978, 1 specimen, 14 mm preserved length (LACM 1978-249.1). Beaufort Sea, Arctic Ocean (70º34.80’N, 144º23.10’W), 71 m depth, R/ V Glacier (Oregon State University OTB-450), 7 Aug 1972,> 20 specimens 6–19 mm preserved length + 1 broken shell (LACM 1972-243.13). Beaufort Sea, Arctic Ocean (70º10.30’N, 144º33.50’W), 27 m depth, R/ V Glacier (WBS-72) (Oregon State University OTB-453), 8 Aug 1972, 4 specimens 10–12 mm preserved length + 1 broken shell (LACM 72-246.23). Beaufort Sea, Arctic Ocean (70º31.75’N, 147º33.5’W), 20 m depth, R/ V Glacier (WBS-72) (Oregon State University OTB-463), 15 Aug 1972, 2 specimens 8–11 mm preserved length (LACM 72- 254.15). Northeast of Prudhoe Bay, Beaufort Sea, Arctic Ocean (70º26’N, 147º26.10’W), 16 m depth, R/ V Alumiak (Oregon State University SMG-1443, SMG-1445, SMG-1446), 28 Aug 1976, 2 shells, 1.5–2.1 mm long (LACM 1976-669.1). Beaufort Sea, Arctic Ocean (70º20’N, 144º40’W), 41 m depth, R/ V Glacier (WBS-72) (Oregon State University OTB-452), 7 Aug 1972, 12 specimens 6–9 mm preserved length (LACM 72-245.9). Northeast of Baxter Island, Beaufort Sea, Arctic Ocean (70º10.40’N, 143º33.40’W), 20 m depth, R/ V Alumiak (Oregon State University SMG-1461, SMG-1464), 31 Aug 1976, 2 shells, 1.8–4.1 mm long (LACM 1976-670.1). Description. Live animals unknown. Preserved specimens to 9 mm long. Body oval, about twice as long as wide (Fig. 13 A). Cephalic shield short, wide, rounded posteriorly. Parapodia short and thick. Shell internal, occupying the entire posterior shield. Shell to 6.2 mm long, bulloid elongate (Fig. 13 B–C). Shell aperture broad, wider near the anterior end. Apex with a flat spire. Lip rising slightly above apex. Sculpture composed of fine spiral lines, formed by fused punctuations (Fig. 13 D). Digestive system with a large, oval buccal bulb, surrounded by the central nervous system centrally (Fig. 14 A). Esophagus and salivary glands not observed. Gizzard large, muscular. Gizzard plates (3) large, oval, wider and thicker centrally, with indented ends (Fig. 13 E–F). Radular formula 17 x 1.0.1. Lateral teeth with large bases and robust, hook-shaped cusps bearing numerous denticles (Fig. 13 G). Reproductive system with a long and convoluted prostate connected directly into the penis, lacking a tubular loop. Penis complex with a large basal projection and a hammer-head apex (Fig. 13 H, 14C). Penis with a strong retractor muscle attached to the base. Range. Beaufort Sea (Fig. 3 C), 16–575 m depth. Etymology. Dedicated to James H. McLean to honor his lifetime contribution to malacology and recognize his unpublished work on Philine, which constituted the foundation of this paper. Remarks. Philine mcleani sp. nov. is clearly distinct from other species of Philine from the area of study, it has a wider shell and characteristic gizzard plates notched on both ends. This species is similar to Philine finmarchica M. Sars, 1859 from the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans. These two species share a similar shell and radular morphology as well as a nearly identical penis (see Ohnheiser & Malaquias, 2013; Chaban & Soldatenko, 2009). Differences include the shape of the gizzard plates, which are slightly notched on both ends in Philine mcleani sp. nov., and the apical shell morphology, with a more distinct wing in P. finmarchica. Another similar species is Globophiline kawamurai Habe, 1958 described from Chiba, Japan, which also has a globose shell with a n x 1.0.1 radular formula and three elongate gizzard plates, but the shell is more oval and less quadrangular than in P. mcleani sp. nov. Chaban & Soldatenko (2009) erected the genus Praephiline for P. finmarchica (type species) as well as P. thurmanni Er. Marcus & Ev. Marcus, 1969 and P. chilla Er. Marcus & Ev. Marcus, 1969. Should molecular data support these species form a clade distinct from Philine sensu stricto, P. mcleani is likely to also belong there. The hammer-head shaped penis with warts seems to be a synapomorphy for this group.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.029 | 0.014 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".