Decoupling of height growth and drought or pest resistance tradeoffs is revealed through multiple common-garden experiments of lodgepole pine
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We selected five lodgepole pine populations, representing a total of 224 maternal half-sib families, grown in four progeny test sites (> 35 yrs) located along various climatic gradients in central Alberta, Canada. Across the four progeny test sites, we chose a total of 1,490 trees for phenotyping. Height growth (m) was measured at age 35-yr with a clinometer. Carbon isotope ratio (δ13C, in ‰) analysis was performed at Alberta Innovates in Victoria, using outside slabs cut and ground from the 5 mm increment cores taken from the north side of each tree at approximately breast height (1.3 m) at age 35. Samples were analyzed using an established method on a MAT253 Mass Spectrometer with Conflo IV interface and a Fisons NA1500 EA. We assessed the severity of WGR infection in the test sites by a qualitative scoring system with discrete categories ranging from no gall symptoms to deceased (four tiers) for all trees sampled at age 36-yr. We also investigated these trees’ suitability to MPB. Host tree suitability to the beetles was evaluated by quantifying defense chemicals (mainly monoterpenes) using a Gas Chromatography/Flame Ionization Detector based on cambial tissues collected by a hole punch when trees were actively growing, coinciding with MPB flight in western Canada. Then, chemical profiling was performed to test against MPB performance based on laboratory bioassays. A cutoff of four categories was used to classify trees with different MPB suitability levels. In addition, we performed dendrochronological analysis to calculate drought resistance indices based on changes in tree-ring width before and after drought event.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".