Physicochemical properties of dynamic Aerosol Particles using Nano Digital Holographic Microscopy (Nano-DIHM): Beyond the diffraction darrier
Bibliographic record
Abstract
<!--!introduction!--> In-situ and real-time characterization of the size, phase, and morphology of aerosol particles is vital to several fundamental and applied research domains, including atmospheric chemistry and physics, air quality, climate change, and human health. To date, without optical traps, digital holographic microscopy has not been able to image moving airborne nanosized particles. In this presentation, we developed a novel integrated digital in-line holographic microscopy system coupled with a flow tube (Nano-DIHM), in which moving aerosol particles were imaged. We demonstrated Nano-DIHM ability to successfully characterize: 1) particle phase, shape, morphology, 2) 4D dynamic trajectories (position in space at frequent time points), and 3) 3D dimensions of airborne particles ranging from the nanoscale to the microscale. In summary, we demonstrated for the first time the successful application of Nano-DIHM for nanosized particles (≤ 200 nm) in dynamic systems without optical traps. The Nano-DIHM allows observation of moving particles in 3D space and simultaneous measurement of each particle's three dimensions. As a proof of concept, we report the real-time observation of 100 nm and 200 nm particles in the air and aqueous/solid/heterogeneous phases. Nano-DIHM successfully imaged particles in both the stationary (immobilized) and dynamic (free-flowing aerosol) modes. The novel Nano-DIHM technique was validated by high-resolution scanning/transmission electron microscopy (S/TEM) and aerosol sizers. The broad applicability of this new experimental technique is expected to open new directions in applied and fundamental particle research.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".