Land use, land cover and climate change impacts on the bird community in and around Lake Zeway, Ethiopia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study aimed to show impacts of land use and land cover change (LULCC) and climate on waterbird community structure of Lake Zeway and the surrounding areas.Purposive sampling techniques were used to collect primary data.Based on the purposive sampling techniques, 12 key informants and 12 focus group discussants were selected.A semi-structured questionnaire prepared in English and translated into Afan Oromo was used to interview the focus groups.The key informants participated in the interview under close inspection of the researcher.Field observations and literatures searches were also carried out on the impacts of LULCC, climate changes, lake hydrodynamics and biodiversity.Most (92%) of the discussants indicated decreases in the level and width of Lake Zeway during the last 3-4 decades.The lake water withdrawal for irrigated agricultural activities in the surrounding areas was the main reason for decreases.Eleven groups (92%) reported temperature increases and lower and unpredictable rainfall patterns as cause for the decreases.These changes reportedly resulted in decreased waterbird species diversity and abundance and changed distribution patterns across the lake and the surrounding areas.The FGD identified fish production and irrigated farm and bird habitat as the three most important values of the lake.The discussants also reported the combination of landuse and climate, or climate changes, as important drivers that altered the lake water level, wetland habitats and bird community structure.Urgent conservation measures that could reduce the impacts are needed to conserve the bird species at the lake.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".