TREND: Groningen Growth and Development Centre. Penn World Table 9.0: Average Annual Hours Worked by Persons Engaged | Country: Australia, Canada, Ireland, United Kingdom, 1950 - 2014. Data Planet™ Statistical Datasets: A SAGE Publishing Resource Dataset-ID: 071-003-001
Bibliographic record
Abstract
datasets.shared.infosheet.CitationMgr@198 Dataset: Reports average annual hours worked by persons engaged. Per person engaged is defined in the Penn World Table (PWT) to include all persons aged 15 years and over, who during the reference week performed work, even just for one hour a week, or were not at work but had a job or business from which they were temporarily absent. The Penn World Table (PWT) displays a set of national accounts economic time series covering 182 countries. Its expenditure entries are denominated in a common set of prices in a common currency so that real quantity comparisons can be made, both between countries and over time. It also provides information about relative prices within and between countries, as well as demographic data and capital stock estimates. Following the regionalization of the United Nations International Comparison Programme (ICP) beginning with the 1980 benchmark, Robert Summers and Alan Heston at the Center for International Comparisons of Production, Income and Prices (CICUP) at the University of Pennsylvania used ICP benchmark comparisons as a basis for estimating PPPs (purchasing power parities) for non-benchmark countries and extrapolations backward and forward in time. The Penn World Tables are described in Summers and Heston "The Penn World Table (Mark 5): An Expanded Set of International Comparisons, 1950-1988" (Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1991, May, 327-368). The final version of the PWT (7.1) produced at CICUP was released in 2011. After 2012 PWT is being jointly maintained by Robert Feenstra at University of California-Davis, and Marcel Timmer and Robert Inklaar at the University of Groningen, and hosted at the Groningen Growth and Development Centre. The current version PWT 9.0 was prepared by Robert C. Feenstra, Robert Inklaar , and Marcel P. Timmer, and was released in June 2016. PWT 9.0 incorporates three broad categories of changes: (1) the incorporation of new purchasing power parities (PPPs) data from the 2011 International Comparison Program (ICP) and other sources; (2) the incorporation of revised and extended National Accounts data, covering the period up to 2014; and (3) revised estimates of factor input data and labor cost shares. The number of countries has increased from 167 to 182 and the period covered now extends to 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.15141/S5J01T Category: Labor and Employment, International Relations and Trade Subject: Labor Force, Part-Time Workers, Work Hours, Full-Time Workers, Part-Time Employment, Full-Time Employment Source: Groningen Growth and Development Centre The Groningen Growth and Development Centre was founded in 1992 within the Economics Department of the University of Groningen by a group of researchers working on comparative analysis of levels of economic performance and differences in growth rates. The research activities of the Centre are largely based on a range of comprehensive databases on indicators of growth and development that the Centre compiles and maintains on a regular basis. The Centre hosts updates of the Penn World Table, originally produced at the Center for International Comparisons of the University of Pennsylvania, beginning with v8.0. https://www.rug.nl/ggdc/
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.010 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.016 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.305 | 0.268 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".