Sex disparities in parenteral and enteral nutrition societies' leadership worldwide: a 20-year retrospective analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Despite advancements in the global dialogue surrounding sex and gender equity, an important gap persists with women markedly underrepresented in major roles within healthcare leadership. We examined the extent of women's representation in prominent positions within parenteral and enteral nutrition (PEN) societies worldwide over a span of two decades. This retrospective analysis explored the sex distribution of society chairs, conference presidents, and editor-in-chief positions across 64 PEN societies between 2003 and 2022. Additionally, data on the first and last authors of endorsed clinical guidelines were collected from the two leading societies. Over the past 20 years, women held society chair positions in 34.4% of cases. The representation shifted from 30% during the decade from 2003-2012 to 40.5% from 2013-2022. Throughout these years, the numbers consistently ranged from 0 to 10; however, the median shifted upward from 1 during the first decade to 4 in the subsequent decade (p=0.04). Of 420 congress presidencies, approximately 30% were women. In endorsed guidelines, women were the first authors in 27.1% of cases (p<0.001) and the last in 28.9% (p<0.001) compared to men. Of the 123 journal editor-in-chief positions, women occupied 23 (18.7%). Over the last two decades, women have been consistently underrepresented in prominent leadership roles in parenteral and enteral nutrition societies globally. Although there has been a noticeable shift towards more women in chair positions, true sex equality remains elusive. Moreover, sex disparities are even more pronounced in positions such as conference presidents, authors of major guidelines, and editors-in-chief of society-affiliated journals. This data underscores the pressing need to enhance efforts towards sex equality across these domains.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".