Expression of MyoD and M-Cadherin in C2C12 cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
C2C12 murine cells differentiate through the fusion of myoblasts to form multinucleated myotubes as a cell model used to study myogenesis in vitro. Differentiation can be induced through serum starvation, which is achieved with adult serum that has reduced growth factors (GF), or cell-to-cell contact which induces growth arrest. Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) is commonly used as a source of GF for cell proliferation, whilst Horse Serum (HS) lacks GF, allowing for induction of cell differentiation. Common methodologies in literature utilized 2% HS as differentiation media (DM) while ATCC recommends 10% HS as DM; DM switch also varied at 80% or 100% cell confluency. However, effects of such variations have yet to be studied. Hence, we aim to study the effects of C2C12 cell differentiation due to cell-to-cell contact versus GF reduction using MyoD and m-Cadherin as biomarkers. MyoD, a master regulator of muscle-specific genes, is activated in the nucleus to initiate myogenesis. m-Cadherin is a transmembrane protein mediating cell fusion prior to myotube formation. Samples were switched to 2% HS at 80% or 100% cell confluency and 10% HS at 100% confluency, compared to control samples maintained in 10% FBS. Localization and relative expression of biomarkers between the condition groups were studied via immunocytochemistry (ICC) and qPCR analysis, respectively, at myoblast stage (MB), days 0, 4, 7, and 11. Varying culture conditions across the literature poses obstacles for data reproducibility and comparability.The outcomes of this study may contribute in establishing a standardized cell culture protocol within the discipline.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".