Evaluation of the Structural Performance of Shear Walls Built by Multi-layer Composite Laminated Panels
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Recently, the implementation of cross-laminated timber (CLT) in building systems has rapidly developed in many countries including Canada. Despite this, further improvement in the product performance of CLT is desirable. Composite Laminated Panels (CLP) have been developed due to the need to overcome one of the key weaknesses of traditional CLT, namely the rolling shear failure. CLP is made by combining traditional lumber with structural composite lumber (SCL). This thesis focuses on the structural performance of CLP shear walls and their connections. The aim of this project was to evaluate the mechanical properties of CLP connections as well as the lateral load performance of CLP shear walls, and the feasibility of using current mechanics-based models to predict the strength of connections and shear walls fabricated with CLP. To study the structural performance of CLP connections together with CLP shear walls, this thesis presents experimental and analytical investigations. Monotonic and cyclic tests were carried out at both the fastener level and the wall level. Afterward, the predictions using current analytical models were compared with experimental results. Full-scale coupled CLP shear wall panels were tested with different connection configurations to achieve target kinematic wall behaviours under lateral load. The structural performance of the tested shear wall tests was characterised by lateral strength, stiffness, ductility ratio, and energy dissipation, which are all significant parameters required for seismic design. Furthermore, the experimental results also served to validate existing analytical models to predict the strength and deflection of CLT shear walls in the elastic region. It was found that the analytical model for predicting lateral strength of CLP shear walls generally gives good predictions, while the deflections of CLP shear walls were largely underestimated by the analytical deflection model. Specimens for connection tests were obtained by cutting the CLP panels from the undamaged parts of the panels after the shear wall tests. This study showed that the structural performance of CLP connections is significantly influenced by the properties of timber material. Replacing lumber with Laminated Strand Lumber (LSL) in the core layer exhibited a remarkable increase in stiffness and strength, and tended to fail in a ductile manner. The utilisation of LSL in face layers enhanced stiffness and strength, but reduced ductility. Overall, this investigation demonstrated that CLP connections and shear walls can provide similar or better performance compared with those fabricated with traditional CLT panels.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".