Alternative heating systems for northern remote communities : techno-economic analysis of ground-source heat pumps in Kuujjuaq, Nunavik, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Geothermal energy, through the utilisation of ground source heat pump (GSHP) has been proposed as a heating alternative to the low efficiency and environmentally adverse diesel furnaces currently being used to meet residential heating demand in Nunavik, a cold and remote region covering the northern third of Québec, Canada. This study describes the application of the G.POT method, developed by Casasso and Sethi (2016) to create maps of the shallow geothermal potential in Kuujjuaq, the largest village in Nunavik. Resulting maps show a relatively high potential for such cold region, ranging between 5.8 MWh/year and 22.9 MWh/year for borehole heat exchanger lengths of 100 m to 300 m. 50-years life-cycle cost analyses of such geothermal systems reveal that compression GSHP with electricity derived from solar photovoltaic panels costs as low as CAD$0.15/kWh and forms the most economically attractive heating option in Kuujjuaq as compared to the diesel furnace heating currently used at CAD$0.21/kWh. Studies focusing on the applications of GSHP in subarctic conditions are currently limited and hence, this work is expected to fill in this gap.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".