Angler experience and seasonal effects on the response of lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) to catch and release angling
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens), once widespread throughout North America, are now considered endangered in much of their natural range. However, there are areas where a presumably strong population has resulted in recreational fisheries, with catch and release (C&R) being common practice. Here, we evaluate physiological and behavioural impairment of lake sturgeon following C&R angling. Fish were captured by volunteer anglers and transferred to a holding pen in the Winnipeg River to recover and facilitate sampling post-angling. Measured physiological traits included blood osmolality, haematocrit, pH, glucose, cortisol, estradiol, and testosterone. Behavioural impairment was measured as a binary score using Reflex Action Mortality Predictors (RAMP) in addition to ventilation rate. The effect of season and angler experience on these measured variables were assessed. C&R angling resulted in an immediate physiological stress response and behavioural impairment in all lake sturgeon, regardless of treatment. Though generally we observed a recovery of changes in the acid-base balance, ion balance and reflex impairment by 24 h. Cortisol and glucose were elevated throughout the recovery period, possibly indicating interactive stressors of holding and repeat sampling. Sex steroid concentrations were highly variable, and indicated no clear response to C&R. Angling in the summer period caused increased ventilation rate and decreased osmolality at all timepoints, compared to spring angling. Novice anglers caused higher reflex impairment in sturgeon immediately post-capture compared to experienced anglers. This is the first study to examine the response of wild lake sturgeon to C&R. The data show an apparent resilience of lake sturgeon to C&R, and can be used to assess the validity of C&R as a management strategy in the conservation of lake sturgeon.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".