“Architectural incentives to immorality” unmarried women’s access to housing in Winnipeg, 1897-1929
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the late 19th century, Winnipeg’s white settler population was largely transient, male, young, and unmarried. A short-term alternative housing system catered to this population, underscoring their inability to establish themselves in family homes due to their transience and the lack of marriageable white settler women in the city. In response to this, state-sanctioned female emigration societies sponsored the passage of unmarried working-class women from Europe to correct Winnipeg’s gender imbalance and augment the white settler population. These female emigration societies created a short-term alternative housing system specific to unmarried women, which was employment-determined. The markers of employment-determined housing are proximity to the resident’s place of training or employment, subsidy to the cost of housing, and an austerity which reinforces a short-term tenancy. The influx of white settler women offered Winnipeg’s employers a lower-cost work force, allowing women to transition from employment-determined housing to independent housing (housing selected by and paid for at the discretion of the tenant). By examining unmarried women’s brief access to sanctioned home ownership through the establishment of Winnipeg’s short-lived red light district, as well as the on-set of prohibitive legislation to do with Winnipeg’s first (1904-1914) and second (1926-1929) apartment complex construction booms, I chart a rapid shift in attitudes regarding unmarried women’s socioeconomic freedom as measured through their access to housing.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".