Beyond More Houses: A Multimethod Secondary Analysis of Federal Housing Programs, Household Crowding, and Health in First Nations Communities in Saskatchewan
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Housing is a social determinant of health and specific equity concern for First Nations Peoples living on-reserve in Canada. Lasting results of discriminatory colonial structures and federal government control on-reserve include challenges with housing quality and quantity. Some First Nations face distressing levels of housing shortages and household crowding. This study was a multimethod secondary analysis of data collected in two community-based research studies with First Nations in Saskatchewan. The main research question was “What relationships exist between federal housing programs, household crowding, and health among First Nations Peoples living on-reserve in Saskatchewan?” Specific sub-questions were “How do First Nations Peoples in two communities in Saskatchewan describe challenges and solutions related to household crowding on-reserve?” and “What is the relationship between household crowding and (a) overall physical health, (b) overall mental health, and (c) chronic and infectious respiratory diseases among First Nations Peoples living on-reserve in two communities in Saskatchewan?” I undertook a qualitative secondary analysis of 34 interviews with First Nations adults living on-reserve to answer the first sub-question, where I identified four themes: (1) designing for kinship, (2) relieving system pressure, (3) planning instead of reacting, and (4) renovating alongside building. I completed a quantitative secondary analysis of interviewer-administered surveys from 831 First Nations adults living on-reserve to answer the second sub-question, where I identified the household crowding measure was significantly associated with chronic bronchitis diagnosis. Integration of findings to answer the overarching research question emphasized that federal housing systems need to change to improve housing status and related health outcomes on-reserve. Suggested federal-level changes include the provision of sufficient and sustained funding and support of First Nations’ control.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.009 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".