Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) revisited
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Since 2001, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) has continued to attract considerable scientific interest. It is now widely accepted that abnormal prions (proteinaceous infective agents) in bovine products can transmit BSE between cattle and are the cause of (new) variant Creutzfeldt—Jacob disease (vC JD) in humans. A better understanding of transmissable spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) and how they propagate will affect how we feed and manage our livestock and prepare their products for entry into the human food chain; it should also advance our understanding and management of vCJD. This disease is invariably fatal although recently there have been reports of possible immunization using monoclonal antibodies or use of drugs to prevent infection or extend the quality of life of those infected. To date about 150 people have died of vCJD, mainly in Europe. Predictions of future deaths from vCJD have been revised downwards but are still uncertain. Countries outside the EU that have newly reported BSE cases include Israel, Japan and most recently Canada; it is probable that there are cases in other Asian countries that have not been detected. The case in Canada has again raised questions about the possibility of cross—species transmission (to humans or livestock) of TSEs such as chronic wasting disease (CWD), a widespread disease of farmed and feral deer and elk in Canada and the USA.\nAll evidence indicates that Australia is free of BSE, but we must remain proactive. Safeguards are in place that should prevent the entry of BSE infection. Veterinary oversight and contingency plans should maximize the chances of our quickly diagnosing and eliminating BSE from domestic cattle if, as seems unlikely, a case of BSE should be detected.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".