Enjoyment and self-efficacy for physical activity as mediators of the friendship network and children's physical activity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Youth Physical Activity Promotion (YPAP) model proposes youth physical activity (PA) as determined by predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors. Consistent with the YPAP model, this study examined whether enjoyment and barrier self-efficacy for PA mediate associations between aspects of the friendship network and pedometer-measured PA in grade five children, and differences by gender. Participants were grade five students participating in a school in the Alberta Project Promoting active Living and healthy Eating in Schools (APPLE Schools) in 2013. Students wore piezo-electric time-stamped pedometers for nine consecutive days, nominated up to 10 close friends in their school and grade, and completed survey questions on enjoyment of PA, barrier self-efficacy for PA, and social support for PA from friends. Ego-network variables were created from the friendship nominations, including friend PA and social status (i.e., number of incoming friendships). Using structural equation modeling we observed friend support for PA, social status, and friend PA to be directly associated with PA in males and enjoyment to mediate the association between friend support and ego PA. Only friend PA was directly associated with PA in females with no identified mediators. This research provides support for the utility of the peer influence (reinforcing factor) and enjoyment (predisposing factor) components of the YPAP model in the context of children's PA and suggest that friends are important influence agents on the PA of children in late childhood.Acknowledgments: We thank all of the students, parents and schools for their participation in the APPLE Schools evaluation, and the evaluation assistants and school health facilitators for their contributions to data collection. Thank you to Wendy Davis and Erin Faught for their work in coordinating the evaluation, Pamela Bailey for organizing logistics, and Connie Lu for data management.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".