Flame speeds and stretch effects in counterflow aluminum flames
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The characterization of flame propagation of reactive particles in gas suspension has been done either indirectly, such as from pressure traces in constant-volume combustion bombs, or with more traditional techniques such as flame tubes and Bunsen burners. The present thesis introduces a new counterflow burner for micron-scale particles resulting in a flat flame, which allows for more detailed measurements of the flame structure. Particle image velocimetry using the aluminum fuel particles as tracers determined the flow field. The resulting flow field was then corrected using Stokes drag analysis. Reference flame speeds of the corrected flow were found as a function of aluminum loading concentration and stretch rate. The reference flame speeds were found to be consistently higher than burning velocities in both the Bunsen and spherical flames. Furthermore, the reference flame speeds were dependent on hydrodynamic stretch. The reference flame speeds were highest for the low-stretch flames and lowest for high-stretch flames. The discrepancies between the Bunsen and flat flames are thought to be due to the competing diffusion of heat and species that changes between the two geometries. The dependence on stretch is thought to be caused by a higher thermal load in the preheat region for highly stretched flames, which in turn causes the flame to slow down.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".