Flight call response and energetics: two case studies analyzing migratory biology in select passerines on the south shore of Lake Ontario
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Passerine migration is an energy-intensive behavior that occurs during spring and autumn, often between distant breeding and wintering grounds. Stopover sites provide places to rest and refuel. This two-part collaborative thesis studied extrinsic and intrinsic factors that affected the behavior and energetics of migratory passerines that visited Braddock Bay Bird Observatory (BBBO), located on the south shore of Lake Ontario. First, we compared the conspecific flight-call response of 2 parulid species captured spring 2018 and 2019 during the day and at dusk. Responsiveness was much lower at dusk, which suggests flight-call communication is likely not an important feature of dusk departure in parulids. Second, we constructed seasonal path models using BBBO bird banding data from 1999-2016 to examine the impacts of extrinsic (i.e., capture date and hour captured) and intrinsic (i.e., age and sex) factors on the energetic condition of 3 Catharus thrushes. Capture date was the most important predictor of condition followed by age and hour, except when sex was included in our models. However, analyses of sex were limited (and potentially inflated) because we could only determine the sex of the largest and smallest individuals in one species, the Swainson’s Thrush (C. ustulatus). Both studies showed that extrinsic and intrinsic factors have important implications on passerine migration behavior and physiology and that migratory behavior is complex and worthy of additional investigation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".