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Record W6981931015

The forgotten fundamental: Freedom of conscience in Canada

2019· dissertation· en· W6981931015 on OpenAlexfundaboutno aff

Bibliographic record

VenueeScholarship@McGill (McGill) · 2019
Typedissertation
Languageen
FieldPsychology
TopicAttachment and Relationship Dynamics
Canadian institutionsnot available
FundersTrinity Western University
KeywordsConscienceIdentity (music)HarmFreedom of religionConscientious objectorConsciousnessHuman rights
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Freedom of conscience is, relative to other human rights, unknown.This thesis breathes life into this human right, using Canada as a point of entry.What is the substance of freedom of conscience?Why protect that substance in bills of rights?When can states limit this freedom?This thesis proposes that freedom of conscience protects the freedom to live in alignment with moral commitments, whether they stem from religious or non-religious sources.Integrity and identity are the primary reasons why freedom of conscience makes the cut for bills of rights.A person compromises these values when she betrays her moral commitments.This betrayal can be harmful, and may injure her dignity.Given the significance of the interests standing behind freedom of conscience, this thesis proposes that this human right deserves robust protection.Even so, freedom of conscience is not absolute.At times, states may limit freedom of conscience -for example, where exercises of this freedom negate the essence of a profession, harm others, or injure dignity.A limit on freedom of conscience occurs only where states require a person, on pain of legal sanction, to materially cooperate with what she believes is immoral.After building a theory of this human right, this thesis applies that theory to invocations of freedom of conscience in two contexts: healthcare and marriage.On healthcare, this thesis proposes, as a way to reconcile the competing rights and interests of patients and physicians, to allow freedom of conscience to the point of refusals to refer.On marriage, conscientious objection often takes the form of refusals to solemnize the civil marriages of same-sex couples or to provide services for their wedding celebrations.This thesis proposes that it is justifiable to limit freedom of conscience here.These refusals injure dignity.Moreover, refusals to solemnize civil marriages negate the essence of specialized roles such as that of a marriage commissioner.The divergent outcomes in the case studies is largely explained by a major difference in the stakes.Healthcare concerns life and death.Between conscientious objectors and persons adversely affected by their objections, there is a deeper clash of interests such as harm and dignity in healthcare than in marriage.There is also a distinction as to complicity with perceived immorality.The nexus between the baker or florist and same-sex marriage is more remote than the nexus between the physician and abortion or assisted death, even if the act is a referral.Freedom of conscience tests the commitment of liberal democracies to accommodate diversity.When must private conscience yield to public authority?This is the heart of the matter. RÉSUMÉLa liberté de conscience est, par rapport aux autres droits de la personne, inconnue.Cette thèse donne vie à ce droit de la personne en utilisant le Canada comme point d'entrée.Quelle est la substance de la liberté de conscience ?Pourquoi protéger cette substance dans les déclarations de droits ?Quand les États peuvent-ils limiter cette liberté ?Cette thèse propose que la liberté de conscience protège la liberté de vivre en harmonie avec les convictions morales, qu'ils soient de sources religieuses ou non.L'intégrité et l'identité sont les principales motivations pour l'inscription de cette espèce de liberté dans les déclarations de droits.Une personne compromet ces valeurs lorsqu'elle trahit ses convictions morales.Cette trahison peut être dommageable et nuire à sa dignité.Vu la signification des intérêts qui sous-tendent la liberté de conscience, cette thèse propose qu'elle mérite une protection importante.Malgré cela, la liberté de conscience n'est pas absolue.Le cas échéant, les États peuvent limiter la liberté de conscience -par exemple, lorsque l'exercice de cette liberté nie l'essence même d'une profession, fait mal aux autres ou porte atteinte à leur dignité.Une limite à la liberté de conscience ne survient que lorsque les États exigent qu'une personne, sous peine de sanction légale, coopère matériellement avec ce qu'elle croit immoral.Cette thèse considère l'exercice de la liberté de conscience dans deux contextes : les services de santé et le mariage.Elle propose, comme moyen de concilier les droits et intérêts opposés des patients et des médecins, de permettre la liberté de conscience jusqu'au refus de diriger les patients vers un autre médecin.En matière de mariage, l'objection de conscience prend souvent la forme de refus de célébrer les mariages civils de couples de même sexe ou de fournir des services pour leurs mariages.Cette thèse propose qu'il soit justifié de limiter la liberté de conscience ici.Ces refus portent atteinte à la dignité.De plus, les refus de célébrer des mariages civils nient l'essence de rôles spécialisés tels que celui de commissaire aux mariages.Les résultats divergents dans les études de cas s'expliquent en grande partie par une différence majeure dans ce qui est en jeu.Les services de santé concernent la vie et la mort.Entre les objecteurs de conscience et les personnes touchées négativement par leurs objections, il y a un conflit d'intérêts plus profond tel que le préjudice et la dignité dans les services de santé que dans le mariage.Il existe également une distinction de complicité avec l'immoralité perçue.La liberté de conscience met à l'épreuve la détermination des démocraties libérales de prendre en compte la diversité.Quand la conscience privée doit-elle céder le pas à l'autorité publique?C'est le cœur du problème.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.003
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.007
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: Theoretical or conceptual
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.131
Threshold uncertainty score0.950

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0030.007
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0010.002
Science and technology studies0.0280.025
Scholarly communication0.0110.004
Open science0.0020.006
Research integrity0.0040.007
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0080.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.015
GPT teacher head0.302
Teacher spread0.287 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designTheoretical or conceptual
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations1
Published2019
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

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